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이번 포스팅에서는 Linux 서버 LVM에서 LV의 정보를 조회할 수 있는 “lvs” 명령어와 관련 lv 정보에 대해 자세히 알아보도록 하겠습니다.
이 포스팅은 아래의 버전에서 테스트한 내용을 기반으로 작성하였습니다
Linux : Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 8.6
1. Logical volume (LV) 정보 조회
LV 정보를 조회하는 명령은 lvs 가 있습니다. 먼저 lvs를 수행해 보도록 하겠습니다.
lvs를 수행하면 현재 만들어져 있는 lv의 기본 정보를 표시합니다.
# lvs
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 5.00g
testlv2 testvg -wi-a----- <10.00glvs의 각 필드의 정보는 아래와 같습니다.
LV : LV name
VG : LV가 할당된 VG
Attr : LV의 상태(속성), LV Attr 은 아래의 속성을 나타냅니다. ( 속성의 왼쪽부터 )
- 첫 번째 속성 항목 : Volume type : (C)ache, (m)irrored, (M)irrored without initial sync, (o)rigin, (O)rigin with merging snapshot, (r)aid, (R)aid without initial sync, (s)napshot, merging (S)napshot, (p)vmove, (v)irtual, mirror or raid (i)mage, mirror or raid (I)mage out-of-sync, mirror (l)og device, under (c)onver‐sion, thin (V)olume, (t)hin pool, (T)hin pool data, v(d)o pool, v(D)o pool data, raid or pool m(e)tadata or pool metadata spare.
- 두 번째 속성 항목 : Permissions : (w)riteable, (r)ead-only, (R)ead-only activation of non-read-only volume
- 세 번째 속성 항목 : Allocation policy : (a)nywhere, (c)ontiguous, (i)nherited, c(l)ing, (n)ormal
- 네 번째 속성 항목 : fixed (m)inor
- 다섯 번째 속성 항목 : State : (a)ctive, (h)istorical, (s)uspended, (I)nvalid snapshot, invalid (S)uspended snapshot, snapshot (m)erge failed, suspended snapshot (M)erge failed, mapped (d)evice present without tables, mapped device present with (i)nactive table, thin-pool (c)heck needed, suspended thin-pool (C)heck needed, (X) unknown
- 여섯 번째 속성 항목 : device (o)pen, (X) unknown
- 일곱 번째 속성 항목 : Target type : (C)ache, (m)irror, (r)aid, (s)napshot, (t)hin, (u)nknown, (v)irtual.
- 여덟 번째 속성 항목 : Newly-allocated data blocks are overwritten with blocks of (z)eroes before use.
- 아홉 번째 속성 항목 : Volume Health : (p)artial, (X) unknown, (r)efresh needed, (m)ismatches exist, (w)ritemostly, (F)ailed, out of (D)ata space, (M)etadata read only,
- 열 번째 속성 항목 : s(k)ip activation : this volume is flagged to be skipped during activation.
LSize : LV의 크기
Pool : cache/thin/vdo 볼륨의 경우 이 볼륨에 대한 cache/thin/vdo pool LV
Origin : 스냅숏 및 thin의 경우 이 LV의 원본 장치
Data% : 활성화 LV의 데이터 비율
Meta% : 활성화 LV의 메타데이터 비율
Move : pvmove에 의해 생성된 임시 LV의 소스 PV
Log : 미러 로그 장치
Cpy%Sync : 캐시, RAID, 미러 및 pvmove의 경우 현재 동기화 비율
Convert : lvconvert에 의해 생성된 임시 LV의 이름
“-o help” 옵션을 함께 수행하여 lv의 모든 필드 정보를 확인할 수 있습니다.
# lvs -o help
Logical Volume Fields
---------------------
lv_all - All fields in this section.
lv_uuid - Unique identifier.
lv_name - Name. LVs created for internal use are enclosed in brackets.
lv_full_name - Full name of LV including its VG, namely VG/LV.
lv_path - Full pathname for LV. Blank for internal LVs.
lv_dm_path - Internal device-mapper pathname for LV (in /dev/mapper directory).
lv_parent - For LVs that are components of another LV, the parent LV.
lv_layout - LV layout.
lv_role - LV role.
lv_initial_image_sync - Set if mirror/RAID images underwent initial resynchronization.
lv_image_synced - Set if mirror/RAID image is synchronized.
lv_merging - Set if snapshot LV is being merged to origin.
lv_converting - Set if LV is being converted.
lv_allocation_policy - LV allocation policy.
lv_allocation_locked - Set if LV is locked against allocation changes.
lv_fixed_minor - Set if LV has fixed minor number assigned.
lv_skip_activation - Set if LV is skipped on activation.
lv_autoactivation - Set if LV autoactivation is enabled.
lv_when_full - For thin pools, behavior when full.
lv_active - Active state of the LV.
lv_active_locally - Set if the LV is active locally.
lv_active_remotely - Set if the LV is active remotely.
lv_active_exclusively - Set if the LV is active exclusively.
lv_major - Persistent major number or -1 if not persistent.
lv_minor - Persistent minor number or -1 if not persistent.
lv_read_ahead - Read ahead setting in current units.
lv_size - Size of LV in current units.
lv_metadata_size - For thin and cache pools, the size of the LV that holds the metadata.
seg_count - Number of segments in LV.
origin - For snapshots and thins, the origin device of this LV.
origin_uuid - For snapshots and thins, the UUID of origin device of this LV.
origin_size - For snapshots, the size of the origin device of this LV.
lv_ancestors - LV ancestors ignoring any stored history of the ancestry chain.
lv_full_ancestors - LV ancestors including stored history of the ancestry chain.
lv_descendants - LV descendants ignoring any stored history of the ancestry chain.
lv_full_descendants - LV descendants including stored history of the ancestry chain.
raid_mismatch_count - For RAID, number of mismatches found or repaired.
raid_sync_action - For RAID, the current synchronization action being performed.
raid_write_behind - For RAID1, the number of outstanding writes allowed to writemostly devices.
raid_min_recovery_rate - For RAID1, the minimum recovery I/O load in kiB/sec/disk.
raid_max_recovery_rate - For RAID1, the maximum recovery I/O load in kiB/sec/disk.
raidintegritymode - The integrity mode
raidintegrityblocksize - The integrity block size
integritymismatches - The number of integrity mismatches.
move_pv - For pvmove, Source PV of temporary LV created by pvmove.
move_pv_uuid - For pvmove, the UUID of Source PV of temporary LV created by pvmove.
convert_lv - For lvconvert, Name of temporary LV created by lvconvert.
convert_lv_uuid - For lvconvert, UUID of temporary LV created by lvconvert.
mirror_log - For mirrors, the LV holding the synchronisation log.
mirror_log_uuid - For mirrors, the UUID of the LV holding the synchronisation log.
data_lv - For cache/thin/vdo pools, the LV holding the associated data.
data_lv_uuid - For cache/thin/vdo pools, the UUID of the LV holding the associated data.
metadata_lv - For cache/thin pools, the LV holding the associated metadata.
metadata_lv_uuid - For cache/thin pools, the UUID of the LV holding the associated metadata.
pool_lv - For cache/thin/vdo volumes, the cache/thin/vdo pool LV for this volume.
pool_lv_uuid - For cache/thin/vdo volumes, the UUID of the cache/thin/vdo pool LV for this volume.
lv_tags - Tags, if any.
lv_profile - Configuration profile attached to this LV.
lv_lockargs - Lock args of the LV used by lvmlockd.
lv_time - Creation time of the LV, if known
lv_time_removed - Removal time of the LV, if known
lv_host - Creation host of the LV, if known.
lv_modules - Kernel device-mapper modules required for this LV.
lv_historical - Set if the LV is historical.
…
“-v” 옵션을 사용하면 #Seg, LProfile 및 LV UUID 등의 추가 정보를 함께 표시합니다.
# lvs -v
# lvs -v
LV VG #Seg Attr LSize Maj Min KMaj KMin Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Cpy%Sync Log Convert LV UUID LProfile
testlv testvg 1 -wi-ao---- 5.00g -1 -1 253 0 TL1FU0-T9Au-Fvf1-dh3w-lKcI-Lu6X-gFjx0P
testlv2 testvg 1 -wi-a----- <10.00g -1 -1 253 1- LV UUID : LV의 UUID
- LProfile : LV의 profile
- #Seg : LV의 세그먼트 개수
- Maj : LV의 영구 major 번호, 지정되지 않은 경우 -1
- Min : LV의 영구 minor 번호, 지정되지 않은 경우 -1
- KMaj : LV에 현재 할당된 major 번호, 비활성인 경우 -1
- KMin : LV에 현재 할당된 minor 번호, 비활성인 경우 -1
“-o” 옵션과 확인하고자 하는 필드를 “+”와 함께 지정하여 특정 필드 정보를 추가로 확인할 수 있습니다.
예를 들어 lv_path 필드 정보를 추가로 확인하고자 할 경우 아래와 같이 수행합니다.
# lvs -o +lv_path
# lvs -o +lv_path
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert Path
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 5.00g /dev/testvg/testlv
testlv2 testvg -wi-a----- <10.00g /dev/testvg/testlv2
추가 필드를 여러 개 지정할 경우 “,” 구분하여 추가합니다.
# lvs -o +lv_path,lv_time
# lvs -o +lv_path,lv_time
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert Path CTime
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 5.00g /dev/testvg/testlv 2022-10-05 02:50:19 +0900
testlv2 testvg -wi-a----- <10.00g /dev/testvg/testlv2 2022-10-05 02:56:33 +0900
lv 정보는 lvs 외에 “lvdisplay” 명령으로도 관련 정보를 확인할 수 있습니다.
# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID TL1FU0-T9Au-Fvf1-dh3w-lKcI-Lu6X-gFjx0P
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time server01, 2022-10-05 02:50:19 +0900
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
LE는 Logical extent의 약자로 LV의 볼륨의 확장 단위(chunk) 입니다.
지금까지 Linux 서버 LVM에서 LV 정보를 조회하는 방법에 대해 알아봤습니다.
감사합니다.
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